Factors Influencing ICT Skills among Trainee Teachers: A Confirmatory Analysis under the TOEK Framework

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v13i2.1885

Keywords:

sustainable education, TOEK framework, ICT skills, teacher education

Abstract

Integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education and development of its competencies are crucial for quality learning and sustainable development in this digital age. This quantitative study investigated the factors influencing ICT skills acquisition among trainee teachers, using the TOEK (Technological infrastructure, Organisational support, Environmental influences, and Knowledge development) framework. Data were collected using validated scales from 202 randomly selected trainee teachers, from different institutions in Jharkhand state, India. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied to analyse the relationships between latent variables. The results indicated poor model fit, leading to refinement of the measurement items. The revised model demonstrated improved fit (Chi-square, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA) indices. The findings also revealed that all four factors significantly influence ICT skills acquisition, with knowledge development emerging as the strongest predictor. The model explained 79.8% of the variance in ICT skill acquisition, highlighting the need for institutional and pedagogical support to enhance digital competencies among the future teachers.

Author Biographies

Shyamali Mondal, Central University of Jharkhand

Shyamali Mondal is a Doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Education at the Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India. Her research focuses on the Effectiveness of Online Learning Models, with a particular focus on technology integration in education and digital pedagogies. She earned her Master of Arts (MA) in Education from Visva-Bharati, Shantiniketan, India, and qualified for the UGC Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) in Education. Her research interests include Educational Technology, ICT in Education, Teacher Education, and Higher Education. She has published research articles in both Web of Science indexed and other peer-reviewed journals, and has actively presented her work at international conferences and seminars in educational technology. Through her research, she seeks to contribute to the advancement of innovative teaching practices and technology-enhanced learning in educational settings. Email: mondalshamu2112@gmail.com (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-7745)

Manohar Kumar Das, Central University of Jharkhand

Dr Manohar Kumar Das has a PhD in Education, has been working as an Assistant Professor since 2016 and currently works in the Department of Education, Central University of Jharkhand, India. He has taught in BEd, MEd, MA (Education), and PhD (Education) programmes, and his research areas include Educational Technology, ICT in Education, Information Security, and Educational Assessment. He has guided 30 MA dissertations in Education, and one PhD thesis has been awarded under his supervision. He has participated in 40 faculty development programmes, presented 40 papers and delivered 20 invited lectures at national and international conferences. He has contributed 20 research papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals and the Web of Science, and 15 chapters in edited books, as well as two books published in ICT for teacher education. Email: manohar.kdas@cuj.ac.in (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-5935)

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Published

2026-07-13

How to Cite

Shyamali Mondal, & Das, M. K. (2026). Factors Influencing ICT Skills among Trainee Teachers: A Confirmatory Analysis under the TOEK Framework. Journal of Learning for Development, 13(2), 282–297. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v13i2.1885

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026): ISSUE 2

Section

Research Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Shyamali Mondal, Manohar Kumar Das

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Received 2025-01-29
Accepted 2026-05-21
Published 2026-07-13