Artificial Intelligence for Development (AI4D) Usage, Learner Autonomy, Wellbeing and Digital Literacy in ODL

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v12i2.1580

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence for Development (AI4D), Open and Distance Learning (ODL), learner autonomy, well-being, digital literacy

Abstract

The present study examined the relationships between Artificial Intelligence for Development (AI4D) usage, instructor attitude towards technology, learners' characteristics/wellbeing, and learning outcomes in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) environments in India. A quantitative research design was employed using purposive sampling (a non-probability sampling method) to ensure that participants had relevant experience with ODL platforms. Data were collected from 410 students at Bhopal School of Social Sciences (BSSS), Bhopal, who had completed at least one certificate or diploma course offered through SWAYAM, a government-supported Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platform widely recognised as India’s flagship ODL initiative. A self-reporting questionnaire was employed to gather data digitally, ensuring convenience and reach. In this study, AI4D usage refers to interaction with AI-enabled features on the SWAYAM platform, such as personalised recommendations, adaptive content delivery, automated feedback, and progress tracking tools. The findings of the study provided insights into the extent to which AI4D usage influences learning outcomes, the role of instructor attitude in shaping the effectiveness of AI4D, and the moderating effects of learner characteristics on this relationship. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of AI4D in facilitating effective teaching and learning in ODL environments and offers implications for educational practice, policy formulation, and future research in the Indian context.

Author Biographies

Tanuja Khan, The Bhopal School of Social Sciences

Ms. Tanuja Khan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at The Bhopal School of Social Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh—an autonomous, NAAC ‘A+’ graded institution in its fourth consecutive cycle. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-4717

Amit Kumar Nag, BSSS Institute of Advance Studies

Dr. Amit Kumar Nag is a Professor at BSSS Institute of Advanced Studies with over 22 years of experience in higher education. He holds a doctorate in Finance and currently serves as Chairperson of International Collaborations, Research, and Consultancy. Email: amitnag148@gmail.com; 
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-834

Shibani Basu

Dr. Shibani Basu Dubey is Professor, Department of English, The Bhopal School of Social Sciences, Bhopal. She has 26 years of teaching experience and a doctorate on the plays of Girish Karnad. She has authored and edited multiple books and research papers, and completed major research projects funded by UGC, ICSSR, and IITE. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-8848

Vineeta Saluja

Prof. (Dr.) Vineeta Kaur Saluja is the Pro Vice Chancellor of Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur. With over 30 years in academia, she is an Honorary D.Litt awardee and a distinguished scholar in English Literature.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0202-5964

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Published

2025-07-25

How to Cite

Khan, T., Kumar Nag, A., Basu , S., & Saluja, V. (2025). Artificial Intelligence for Development (AI4D) Usage, Learner Autonomy, Wellbeing and Digital Literacy in ODL. Journal of Learning for Development, 12(2), 330–346. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v12i2.1580

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): ISSUE 2

Section

Research Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Tanuja Khan, Dr. Amit Kumar Nag, Dr. Shibani Basu, Dr. Vinita Saluja

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Received 2024-06-30
Accepted 2025-07-11
Published 2025-07-25